From the White House Historical Association

Q: Which U.S. presidents relied on enslaved labor at the White House?

A: According to surviving documentation, at least nine presidents either brought with them or hired out enslaved individuals to work at the White House: Thomas JeffersonJames MadisonJames MonroeJohn Quincy AdamsAndrew JacksonMartin Van BurenJohn TylerJames K. Polk, and Zachary Taylor.

Q: Which U.S. presidents owned enslaved people?

A: According to surviving documentation, at least twelve presidents were slave owners at some point during their lives: George WashingtonThomas JeffersonJames MadisonJames MonroeAndrew JacksonMartin Van Buren, William Henry Harrison, John TylerJames K. PolkZachary TaylorAndrew Johnson, and Ulysses S. Grant.

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